Social Evils Poverty and Health

Neediness is one of the most significant social indecencies and a significant determinant of sick wellbeing (1). From time it is realized that poor economic wellbeing is a significant determinant of infection and decreases life span in a major manner. The Charaka Samhita perceived that network structure and working was a significant reason for infection in people. The relationship of individual sickness causing network unsettling influences and neediness and the other way around was noted (2). Wellbeing status is firmly controlled by financial positions and a huge assortment of writing from created ountries exhibits that most reasons for passings happen at a more noteworthy rate in bunches with lower financial status (3). Pathways from unfriendly social conditions to sick wellbeing are then talked about and a few proposals are made for disposing of these social disasters. The Global Burden of Diseases Study detailed significant reasons for mortality, illness weight and hazard factors in different pieces of the world (4). In creating nations, contaminations of respiratory tract, HIV/AIDS, diarreah, tuberculosis, and jungle fever have risen as significant causes. The unwavering quality of mortality ata has been addressed as far as clinical characterization of passings as an enormous number of passings are recorded as evidence and mature age. All inclusive, the significant causes were lower respiratory contaminations, AIDS, coronary illness, and intestinal sickness. Indian National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (9) has detailed that transferable maladies, maternal conditions just as non-transmittable sicknesses which are significant reasons for illness trouble. The Second Global Burden of Diseases Study (4) evaluated in excess of twenty wellbeing hazard factors that impact strength of populaces. Significant hazard factors recognized were adolescence and maternal undernutrition prompting youth and maternal underweight. , iron inadequacy, weakness, nutrient A lack and zinc insufficiency. There was a distinction in hazard factors causing malady weight or mortality. Social conditions and destitution are the significant determinants of every one of these components. A social issue is characterized as a circumstance going up against a gathering or an area of society which delivers harmful outcomes that can be taken care of just appropriately (11). There are various social issues in India (11). These have been recognized as neediness, lack of education, joblessness, populace blast, communalism, youth turmoil, brutality against ladies, wrongdoing and crooks, liquor abuse, psychological oppression, debasement, and all the more as of late, overweight/heftiness in the urban subjects combined with evolving ways of life. Different endeavors to precisely recognize social determinants of wellbeing have been performed and a few endeavors have developed as of late. Social determinants of wellbeing were identified by Marmot and others at the Solid Facts Program of the World Health Organization (12). The variables distinguished were social rganization, early life occasions, life-course social inclination, high joblessness rates, mental work envoronment, transport, social help, union, food, destitution, and social rejection. These variables are named social indecencies that straightforwardly impact wellbeing. Since non-transferable illnesses are significant medical problems in Europe and other created nations, these components uncover just a large portion of the story. For instance, ignorance and low instructive status is a significant infection hazard factor however not part of the WHO plan as this isn't as genuine f an issue all things considered in Europe (3). A significant improvement to address different social issues and neediness was the milestone United Nations Millennium Declaration in the year 2000 by different Heads of States and governments. The presentation verbalized Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which incorporate explicit focuses for social building to achieve fair flourishing and wellbeing (13). These particular targets incorporate neediness decrease, expanding essential training, advancing sexual orientation equity, and improvement of a worldwide organization for a significantly greater turn of events.

Managing abd training development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Overseeing abd preparing advancement - Essay Example This segment move will bring about the drop of by around five percent in representatives of the age bunch 25 to 39 and simultaneously the level of workers in the age bunch 50 to 65 could go up by 20%. This foreseen move in the rate change old enough gatherings among representatives is relied upon to positively affect preparing of workers. More seasoned representatives should be prepared and retrained to stay up with the ever-changing workplace to hold them as a major aspect of the workforce. This maintenance of the more established representatives would cause improved rivalry in employments among the more youthful individuals with negligible instructive capabilities, low-level aptitudes and restricted work understanding. (Newton, B., Hurstfield, J., Miller, L., Akroyd, K. what's more, Gifford, J. 2005. Preparing support by age among jobless and latent individuals). The noteworthiness of preparing at the work environment has gotten a driving force over the most recent ten years, because of advancements that have happened all around the globe. The variables that have added to the change seen at the work environment incorporate the development of the information economy, the effect of globalization, and the expanded utilization of superior working methods in the arranging and execution of work goals because of the emotional improvements in the field of data and correspondence strategies. (Work environment Learning and Training). The United Kingdom keeps on mulling on the universal class table of capabilities especially in contrast with France and Germany, in spite of the endeavors put for development lately. The more seasoned workforce in the United Kingdom has a bigger task to carry out in this troubled situation with connection to capabilities and abilities and show basically two gatherings of over lapping insufficiencies specifically as far as poor fundamental aptitudes and absence of capabilities. The worry of the administration can be seen and its

Determining If a Number Is Prime

Deciding whether a Number Is Prime A prime number is a numeral that is more noteworthy than 1 and can't be partitioned equitably by some other number with the exception of 1 and itself. On the off chance that a number can be separated uniformly by some other number not including itself and 1, it isn't prime and is alluded to as a composite number. Components versus Products When working with prime numbers, understudies should realize the contrast among elements and products. These two terms are effectively befuddled, yet factors are numbers that can be partitioned equally into the given number, while products are the consequences of increasing that number by another. Moreover, prime numbers are entire numbers that must be more noteworthy than one, and accordingly, zero and one are not viewed as prime numbers, nor is any number under zero; the number two is the primary prime number, as it must be isolated without anyone else and the number 1. Utilizing Factorization Utilizing a procedure called factorization, mathematicians can rapidly decide if a number is prime. To utilize factorization, you have to realize that a factor is any number that can be duplicated by another number to get a similar outcome. For example, the prime components of the number 10 are 2 and 5 in light of the fact that these entire numbers can be duplicated by each other to approach 10. Be that as it may, 1 and 10 are additionally viewed as variables of 10 since they can be increased by each other to approach 10. This is communicated in the prime variables of 10 as 5 and 2 since both 1 and 10 are not prime numbers. A simple path for understudies to utilize factorization to decide whether a number is prime is by giving them solid checking things like beans, fastens, or coins. They can utilize these to isolate objects into ever-littler gatherings. For instance, they could isolate 10 marbles into two gatherings of five or five gatherings of two. Utilizing a Calculator In the wake of utilizing the solid technique as portrayed in the past segment, understudies can utilize mini-computers and the idea of distinctness to decide if a number is prime. Have understudies take an adding machine and key in the number to decide if it is prime. The number should partition into an entire number. For instance, take the number 57. Have understudies partition the number by 2. They will see that the remainder is 27.5, which isn't a significantly number. Presently have them separate 57 by 3. They will see that this remainder is an entire number: 19. Along these lines, 19 and 3 are components of 57, which is, at that point, not a prime number. Different Methods Another approach to discover if a number is prime is by utilizing a factorization tree, where understudies decide the regular factorsâ of various numbers. For example, if an understudy is calculating the number 30, she could start with 10 x 3 or 15 x 2. For each situation, she keeps on considering 10 (2 x 5) and 15 (3 x 5). The final product will yield a similar prime elements: 2, 3 and 5 since 5 x 3 x 2 30, as does 2 x 3 x 5. Straightforward division with pencil and paper can likewise be a decent strategy for showing youthful students how to decide prime numbers. To begin with, separate the number by two, at that point by three, four, and five if none of those components yields an entire number. This technique is valuable to help somebody simply heading out to comprehend what makes a number prime.

How to Choose Your Paper Topic

How to Choose Your Paper TopicSchool research papers are a vital tool for educators. They provide information that is important to students, parents, and other adults in the school. As students move through the school system, teachers need to have an accurate idea of what works, what doesn't, and what challenges they face.School research papers can be academic in nature, or they can be more geared toward helping students with their daily lives. A variety of types exist, so it's important that you choose one that you're comfortable writing. Below, you'll find a list of some examples of research papers that will help you find a suitable topic for your paper.The Subject - Research papers often have a primary topic. In this case, it's important to decide if you want your research paper to have a specific topic or not. If you want to write a research paper with a specific topic, you need to choose a topic that's easy to explain to others in your own school. Then, you'll also need to make sure that you understand how the topic fits into the bigger picture of the overall course or curriculum. You'll need to know if the topic is critical to how the curriculum works and will affect the way students learn.The Method - Many schools don't have a single type of research paper for every class. Instead, there are different types of research papers, depending on the subject matter. For example, you may want to write a research paper that examines what students learn in science class. You might also want to write a research paper that examines if students learn certain theories about dinosaurs. In these cases, you'll need to choose a method for your research paper that suits your particular assignment.The Point - Finally, the point of a research paper can vary widely from teacher to teacher. A good rule of thumb is to select a point in your presentation that's important to your audience. This point might be a quote or a diagram. As long as you have a consistent point, the other details that appear in your paper should follow the same pattern. Then, you can apply the point and style of the other details to create the best results.As you can see, research papers can vary in style and depth. You should be able to identify whether your research paper should be class based or more open ended. Once you know how you want to approach a paper, you can use some of the tips listed here to help you choose the perfect topic for your project.You should also consider researching a subject that you're interested in in order to come up with an idea that you can use in a research paper. Writing a research paper is fun, but it can also be a useful tool in helping students succeed in the classroom. So make sure you take the time to do your homework before you begin.

Comparison of Dell and WIPROs Implementation of Teamwork - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1624 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Team means a group of individuals organized together to make efforts regarding some work in order to achieve certain organizational goals.when these team members interact amongst each other and then together they complete some work it is called teamwork.the hardwork, efforts,methods and actions of these individuals when brought together to achieve a common purpose or common goal. In companies and organizations team work is very essential,all the employees need to understand this that they must have the habit to work in a team because employers in nowadays organistions expect their employees to learn and function effectively and efficiently in teams. ORGANISATION IT IT is INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IT sector and its industries are playing a major role in India and is growing rapidly over the parts of the world .through IT sector the growth of economic development of India has been increased as well as there had been a lot of help in technical foundation of India. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparison of Dell and WIPROs Implementation of Teamwork" essay for you Create order This sector has largely categorized into: IT services Engeering services ITES-BPO services E -businesses The IT professionals in the industry have increased at an annual rate of 14.5% approximately. TWO IT COMPANIES: 1)DELL 2)WIPRO DELL The founder and ceo of dell is Michael dell. Dell is a top player in IT companies and it was founded as PCs limited in 1984 by university student Michael dell. and it was incorporated as a computer hardware manufacturer and distributor.This company is USs largest corporation in computer distributors in terms of both quantity of units sold and its gross income. Dell started from 1999 and till 2006 it delivered more complete computer systems worldwide than any other pc manufacturer.However , due to less customer support Dell created a bad reputation which resulted in market shrink. TEAM WORK IN DELL The continuous success lies in team work and the opportunity of each team member to learn ,develop and grow.They are committed in developing , retaining and attracting the best people reflective of our worldwide market place. STRATEGY IN DECISION MAKING OF TEAMWORK IN DELL (REFERENCE FROM ARCTICLE: The characteristics of great teams and the leadership approaches to building performing teams) TEAM BUILDING Developing performing teams. The leadership style method is now unnecessary rather team based approach in work is increasingly becoming popular. The Michael dell founder and ceo of Dell computers believes that business is all about teams and building talent in organization. It is most important and essential component of success as diversity of ideas and inputs which helps a lot in making better decisions. The company Dell its team even if some of their products fail or have to be scrapped.The ceo motivates his team to work better on their next product. EXAMPLE OF TEAM WORK IN DELL In April 1993, John Medica, who led the development of Apples PowerBook, was put in as an incharge of the Notebook division of Dell. By the time he took over, one product had already been canceled and the development of other products was taking longer than expected. After a realistic assessment of the situation, it was felt that only one of the products was under development the Latitude XP would be competitive in the market. The company decided to cancel several products that were in the development stage. This demotivated the engineers who had spent a lot of time and energy developing the products that had been canceled. To motivate them, Dell reinforced the companys strategy to the notebook group and encouraged them to pull together to make the Latitude XP a success. Dell realized that aligning teams toward a common objective and creating the same incentive system across the entire company would help direct everyones talent toward creating value for customers and shareholders. At Dell, people work in teams of two to receive, manufacture, and pack an order for delivery to a customer. The profit sharing incentive encourages them to be productive as a team. Hourly metrics are posted on monitors on the factory floor so that each team can see if its performance meets the companys goals. Dell also believes that 360 ° performance appraisals help identify areas that might require further development or improvement and also keep people focused on achieving their goals as a team. He believes that teamwork is all about people who are interested in each others growth. DECISION TAKEN BY DELL IN LAST ONE YEAR REGARDING TEAM WORK ARE AS FOLLOWS: By employing teamwork Dell and global infrastructure consulting services helps spherion upgrade its intranet environment and increase employment by 70 percent. The challenge faced by spherion was that rapid business growth and a series of mergers threaten to overwhelm the intranet used by S pherion employees for daily access to key documents and applications. Spherion quoted when Dell helped it as a team The way the Dell consultants worked alongside us and shared their expertise felt much more like a partnership than a vendor and customer relationship. As said by this person; Alex Leon, senior programmer/analyst, Spherion. SOLUTION TO THE CHALLENGE GIVEN BY DELL WAS: The Spherion IT team engages Dell Global Infrastructure Consulting Services to help design and implement an intranet upgrade based on Microsoft office sharepoint server2007 software and Dell power edge servers. BENEFITS WHICH SPHERION GOT BY TEAMWORK OF DELL : ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Get IT Faster: Dell Global Infrastructure Consulting helps reduce implementation time for the solution from one year to 16 weeks ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Run IT Better: Hardware and software upgrade boosts intranet performance by 70 percent; new software running on Dell PowerEdge serve rs yields 60 percent faster searches; Dell consultants reduce the intranet infrastructure from 10 servers to 6 new servers ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Grow IT Smarter: Dell PowerEdge servers provide processing headroom for future growth 2ND COMPANY WIPRO CEO of wipro is Azim Premji. Wipro is an Indian company which is now going global which was established in 1947.it was a vegetable oil company to start with and was created from an oil mill established by father of Azim Premji. It was founde by Demir Barlas.wipro got into e-business As an offshore centre to which us and euporean companies could sent it customization work and lower levels for functions.it deals primarily in software products and related services.it is regarded as a leading provider of integrated business process and technological solutions. DECISION MAKING REGARDING TEAMWORK IN WIPRO IN LAST ONE YEAR (Article taken from The financial express wipro inducts Appreciative inquiry for better teamwork) Analysis of the article says: In an effort to institutionalise a strong team dynamics within the organisation, Wipro Ltd is now deploying Appreciative Inquiry (AI) as a part of its human resource (HR) initiative. Another objective behind the initiative is also to create a culture of internalising a solution-centric approach of conducting business amongst the teams. Mr.Rajesh Sharma, Manager-Talent engagement and development Head HR (Finance Solutions) Wipro Technologies Ltd:The initiative is aimed at enabling the teams in moving towards adopting a solution-centric approach to solving business puzzles. This is how the company deploys the entire programme to create a win-win dynamics for one of the project teams in the establishment. Steps taken in decisions making in team work: Firstly, there is a facilitator who would enable the group to go back in time and openly share some of the highs and lows that they might have encountered in their lives (personal or professional). Secondly,the group may also focus on some of their experiential involvements in projects, generic experiences, critical incidents or stories. They would then be reflecting on how to evolve action plans that can collectively and pro-actively impa ct the business. And this is done by deliberating on some of the key questions such as: what have I done better and how can I do things to drive relevant results? Or even some of the hunches like What can I do further so as to be able to deliver a more positive action at the work place? According to the company, the participants and the subjects can revisit the attributes and add anything that is not covered in the entire exercise. But some consultants believe that techniques like AI cannot carry a direct impact either in triggering performance or in creating an ideal team culture. All that such techniques do is to allow the teams an open environment to communicate and it would be a tall order to attain some of the strategic deliverables in Human Resource Management, says Mr.David Robert, managing partner, Talent Trainers Ltd (TTL) a leading HR consultancy that focuses on teams and talent management. Consultants also affirm that since AI lays too much of emphasis on interna l self, there are no foolproof systems to evaluate the extent to which such initiatives have practically enabled the companies in creating business-aligned teams in their respective organisations. CONCLUSION Team work is now more privilent in organiztions rather than leadership and other approaches.If employees in organizations work in teams efficiently and effectively it would be more helpful in achieving success and would focus on attaining organisations planned goals. As more and more organizations move towards a team-based approach to work, The leadership style is becoming disused and outdated. Leaders are playing the role of facilitators more and are now expected to teach their team members, and let them make decisions for the team. A team-based approach is expected to improve efficiency and productivity levels in an organization. However, the transformation from a command and control style to the team based approach can be confusing and grueling. Companies expect their middle level managers to transform themselves into team leaders. They are expected to coach, motivate, and empower their people. Team based practices should be adopted as an culture in IT as well as other organi zations for better ,quality and standard work to achieve success towards goals.

Health Care Policy And Politics - 2208 Words

81 Interest Groups in Health Care Policy and Politics Interest group-people who share the same interest directly with political processes Factions-special interests, pressure groups, or organized interests †¢ Development of interest groups o James Madison’s The Federalist No. 10 (1787) ï‚ § Republic ï‚ § â€Å"The best wisdom is to control the effects of interest groups† ï‚ § Interest group roots fall back on the constitution and the birth of the American version of democracy o Alexis de Tocqueville, French philosopher and politician †¢ Functions and methods of influence o Lobbying- â€Å"direct influence of public officials and ultimately an influence on their decisions or legislation† o Grass Roots Mobilization- â€Å"indirectly influencing officials through constituency contract† o Electoral Influence-â€Å"can be considered the primary prevention of policymaking because it is important activity that precedes policy work.† o Shaping public opinion- overlaps with electoral influence and grassroots mobilization; it involves issue advocacy and public percuasion, similar to campaigning for an issue †¢ Landscape of contemporary health care interest groups o American Nurses Association represented since 1974 represents as (ANA) goal- â€Å"improvement of the healthcare system in the United States† o ANA members endorsed decisions that are formulated from ANA policy focuses and not on a candidate’s party. †¢ Assessing value and considering involvement o Through involvement within interest groups nurses haveShow MoreRelatedThe Policy Process1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Policy Process HCS/455 05/28/13 Jay Littleton The Policy Process In today’s health care system it is constantly improving and changing, due to the demands of the health care system. 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Business Corporation Act. Research Essay

Question: Discuss about the Business Corporation Act. for Research Essay. Answer: Introduction: Section 9 of Corporations Act, 2001 provides the meaning of the term director. According to this section, director means a person who has been validly appointed as a director of the corporation or as an alternate director. It also means a person, who has not been validly appointed as the director, if such person has been making in the position of the director or in other words a de-fecto director. This section also provides that the term director also includes a person who has not been validly appointed as such but the directors of the corporation are used to act according to the instructions of such a person or a shadow director. In the present assignment, the duties of the directors have been evaluated and at the same time, the evolution of the role of directors has also been traced to the evolution of the duties of the directors. In Australia, there are three main sources of law that provides the duties and obligations of the directors of solutions in Australia. These resources are common law, statute law that is merely provided by the Corporations Act, 2001 and the company's constitution. The duties have been introduced for the directors with a view to promote good governance. These duties require that the directors should raise the interests of the corporations ahead of their personal interests. The common law also imposes certain duties on the directors, for example the duty to a bona fide and in the interests of the corporation. These duties require that the directors should act in good faith and in the interests of the corporation. In order to see this duty has been properly discharged by the directors, the subjective test of scrouplousness can be used. A director will be held liable for the breach of this duty if the director fails to give consideration to the interests of its population properly. For example, such a situation may arise when it has been assumed by the director that the interests of the corporation correspond with the personal interests of the directors and as a result, the director does not consider the interests of the corporation as being a separate entity. The common law has also prescribed a duty for the directors which require that they should not ask for an improper purpose. The purpose behind this duty is to make sure that the directors do not use their powers for any inappropriate purpose. Such a purpose may include the situation where the director has taken a personal advantage or tried to defeat the voting power of the shareholders with the help of creating a new majority. In this regard, the common law provides that raising capital or trying to take the benefit of a genuine opportunity that may be commercially available to the corporation will be a proper purpose. Therefore in such a case, when the directors are involved in promoting the interests of the corporation, they may also promote their personal interests indirectly. In order to make sure that the directors use their powers for the proper purpose, an objective test can be used. For example, when the corporation is going to borrow money, it has to be seen in the alleged need to borrow the money was really present for the corporation or not. Similarly even if the inappropriate purpose can be considered as the main reason on among one of the reasons behind the decision, such a decision can be treated as invalid when, other than the improper purpose, the directors would not have taken such a decision. In order to deal with such cases, it has been provided by the law that when the directors are using their powers for any improper purpose, the corporation needs to avoid such acts of the directors. Another duty imposed on the directors is the duty of care and diligence. For the purpose of fulfilling his duty, it is very important that the directors are aware of the financial position of the corporation, including the solvency of the company. The law provides that it is a significant responsibility imposed on the directors, and is decreased even in cases where the directors have delegated their responsibility to another person (Sweeney, OReilly and Coleman, 2013). The law also provides that the directors cannot hide behind their own ignorance related with the affairs of the corporation, particularly when such ignorance has been created by themselves. The result is that it is obligatory for the directors to ask questions regarding the information that has been put before them. This is necessary to make sure that all the information related with the company, represents the accurate position of the corporation. Therefore the directors should not straightaway accept all the information that has been given to them by the employees of the corporation (Harris, Hargovan and Adams, 2013). For fulfilling his duty, it is also necessary that the directors should be independent and informed judgment regarding all the matters that they have to decide in the board meetings. The role of the directors is to maintain a position where they are able to guide and monitor. Another duty that has been imposed on the directors of corporations is the duty to use discretion. According to this duty, the directors have been prohibited from placing themselves in the circumstances where they are not in a position to make favorable decisions for the corporation. An example of such a situation can be the commercial transactions where the directors are not in a position to take decisions on behalf of the corporation (Gooleyet al., 2011). The result is that the directors have been prohibited from entering into such transactions where they have to give preference to the interests of third parties as compared to the interests of their own corporation. In this regard, a duty has been imposed on the directors to avoid conflicts of interest. There are certain fiduciary duties that the directors owe towards their corporations. The position of director is a very significant relationship and therefore utmost good faith is involved in it. The result is that it is very signi ficant that the directors give preference to the interests of the corporation as compared to their personal interests. In the same way, it is also required that such situations should be avoided by the directors where they may have a personal interest that conflicts with the interests of the corporation. This is very important as it is the duty of the directors to protect the interests of the corporation (Fletcher, 2007). Such situation may occur when there is a real possibility of conflict between the two types of interests. The conflict of interest can be direct or indirect. The directors are under a duty to avoid their personal interests when transiting with the corporation. But it will be considered that the directors have breached this duty if they enter into a transaction with their corporation. But in some cases, it may be expressly provided by the Constitution of the corporations that the directors may be allowed to have personal interests that conflicts with the corporation 's interests. In this way, the constitution of the corporation can alter the fiduciary duties of the directed to such an extent. The directors are also under an obligation according to which they should not disclose the confidential information related to the corporation. Of particular information is considered as confidential if the owner of such information is of the reasonable belief that in case of the disclosure of such information, it will be detrimental for the person or may prove to be advantageous to another person (Ciro and Symes, 2009). Information is also considered as confidential when as a result of the trade usage or custom, the information is worth protecting. The directors can be held liable for the breach of this duty, for example when they have disclose the details to third parties related with the client software Corporation or its suppliers under the circumstances where this information can be treated as confidential. Another example of the breach of this duty is when the director involves an insider trading. The directors are also under an obligation according to which they should not abuse corporate opportunities. As a result of this responsibility, the directors of corporations to avoid the situations where there may be a conflict between their personal interests and the corporations interests. Such a situation may take place when the actions of the directors are so related with the affairs of the corporation that they have been done in the course of management of the corporation and by using such opportunities in view of their special knowledge (Baxt, Fletcher and Fridman, 2008). For this purpose, an occasional connection is required between the fiduciary obligations of the director and the opportunity available. If a connection is present between the two, it can be said that the director may have misused such an opportunity. For this purpose it is not relevant if such opportunity could not be exploited by the corporation itself. The common law duty of care and diligence has also been provided by section 180 of the Corporations Act, 2001. This section also contains the defense of the directors that is provided by the business judgment rule. It has been provided in this section that the directors should exercise the same care that can be expected from other reasonable person. As there is a mention of reasonable person, and objective standard of care is applicable (Austin and Ramsay, 2013). The consequence of this duty is that the directors are under an obligation to maintain the balance between the advantages of their conduct and the foreseeable harm of such conduct. In the same way, it has been mentioned in section 181 that the directors have a duty to act in good faith. This duty describes that the powers should be exercised by the directors in good faith (ASIC v Adler, 2002). The statutory duty imposed on the directors can be compared with their fiduciary duty according to which they should act bona fide. T his duty has imposed an obligation on the directors to act with honesty. It can be said that this duty has been breached, and the directors of user power for improper purpose even if the directors were under the impression that they were acting with honesty. An obligation has been imposed by section 182 according to which the directors did not make improper use of their position in the corporation (ASIC v Vizard, 2005). The result is that the directors should not misuse the position for achieving personal advantage or with a view to cause a loss to the corporation (ASIC v Rich, 2003). It can be a breach of this duty if the directors are involved in above-mentioned conduct and it is immaterial if such a benefit or loss has been caused or not. For example if the directors continue to act even when they know that the financial position of the company is unstable, it can be said that this duty has been breached by them (ASIC v Vines, 2003). Under these circumstances, it is very important that the directors are aware of their legal duties and obligations that have been imposed by the Corporations Act, 2001 and also by the common law and the constitution of the company. On the other hand, the failure to fulfill these obligations can have serious consequences for the directors which include five-year jail term, civil and criminal penalties that may go up to $200,000, disqualification by the court from managing a corporation in future and ultimately, the director may be held personally liable for the debts of the corporation. Regarding the future of the directors duties in Australia, it can be said that the directors of corporations will need to act in a legal environment that is going to change and reconsideration. The basic reason behind this situation is the willingness of the government to boost economic activity, create employment opportunities and stimulate small business. The leading issue in this regard is the need for maintaining a balance between the legal position of the director and lifting the performance of the duty. The main long-term challenges faced by the directors of corporations in this area will be the result of two inter-connected engines of change, that are technology and globalism. However, among all these challenges and change, the main purpose of corporations should not be forgotten which is to make rational investments and to take measured risks. Therefore in future, the directors of corporations in Australia should maintain the brilliant idea behind the introduction of corporat ions and at the same time, adapt to the times of unprecedented changes. References Austin, R.P. and Ramsay, I.M., 2013, Ford's principles of corporations law, 15th edn, LexisNexis Butterworths, Chatswood, New South Wales. Baxt, R, Fletcher, K and Fridman, S 2008, Corporations and associations: cases and materials, 10th edn, LexisNexis, Butterworths, Sydney, New South Wales. Ciro, T, and Symes, C 2009,Corporations law: in principle, 8th edn, Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia, Pyrmont, NSW, pp. xv-xix Fletcher, K.L., 2007, The law of partnership in Australia, 9th edn, Lawbook Co, Pyrmont, New South Wales. Gooley, J, Russell, D, Dicker, M, Zammit, M, 2011,Corporations and associations law: principles and issues, (LexisNexis Butterworths, Chatswood, NSW) 75-98 Harris, J, Hargovan, A and Adams, M, 2013, Australian corporate law, 4th edn, LexisNexis Butterworths, Chatswood, New South Wales Sweeney, B, OReilly, J Coleman, A, 2013, Law in Commerce, 6th edn. 2015, Australian Corporations Legislation, LexisNexis Butterworths/CCH (Vol 1) ASIC v Adler 4 Others [2002] NSWSC 171 ASIC v Rich Ors (2003) 44 ASCR 341 ASIC v Vizard [2005] FCA 1037 ASIC v Vines [2003] 48 ACSR 322